Stock Screener - Filter the best companies based on various fundamentals

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Growth Ratios
Revenue growth for last years Sales, Revenue is realized when goods and services are sold by the company. Great company generally shows consistently increasing sales figures , growing at a rate of 12-20%. We can divide company into various types like low Growth, Stalwarts, Fast Growers , Turn arounds , Cyclicals based on its growth rate. Low Growth - Big Companies which are growing at a low rate , 3 to 5% Stalwarts - Big companies which are growing at a rate of 12-20%.These are generaly powerful companies with stable business model.E.g Infosys , TCS, Cipla , Sun Pharma , Tata Motors , ICICI Bank etc. Fast Growers - Companies which are growing at more than 20% annually.These companies are in their early stages , some of them will become Stalwarts , Some of them may not be able to sustain and may become a mediocare company.These companies are most risky to invest in but have the capability to offer maximum returns on investments.E.g Jubiliant foodworks, Thangamayil , Baja Finance, Manappuram Finance Turn Arounds - Companies which which were doing good earlier but now struggling or Company which were in bad condition earlier but are now recovering can be put in this category.E.g Satyam is a example of company which was struggling in 2009 but it has start showing recovery from 2012. Knowing the growth type of the company helps us to calculate the potential upside in the investment. For e,g stalwarts may give 20% returns annuals and investment is less risky , on the other hand Fast grower can become a multibagger in span of 3-4 years but he risk is higher. Revenue growth for last years	0		100
Operating Profit growth for last years Operating profit or operating income is a measure of a firm's profit that excludes interest and income tax expenses.It represent the money which firm makes from operations. Operating Profit (OP) = Revenue â€“ Operating expenses. Operating expenses = SGA + Depreciation + R&D Cost. For e.g Suppose Company A has sale of 100 Cr, Cost of Goods - 60Cr , SGA - 10Cr, Depreciation - 5Cr , R&D expense - 5Cr Then OP = GP ( Sale - Cost of Goods ) - SGA - Depreciation - R&D expense = 100 - 60 - 10 - 5 - 5 = 20Cr Great companies show consistently increasing Operating Profit years after years. Operating Profit growth for last years	0		100
EPS growth for last years Earning per Share is equal to Net Profit divided by number of outstanding shares. EPS = Net Profit / Number of outstanding shares For e.g Titan has profit of 600 Cr in Fy12 , it has 88.77 Cr outstanding shares ,so EPS = 600/88.77 = 6.75 Rs We should look for atleast last 5 years of EPS figure to check if the company has competitive advantage. EPS is impacted by bonus shares , splits , issuance of more numbers of shares. Bonus and Split do not have negative impact on shareholders but if Company keeps on issuing more and more shares to meet its capital needs then the company may be in the business which is capital intensive , requires lot of money for meeting working capital needs and for plants and equipments.The Company is generating less cash than what is needed.We should be very cautious in investing these companies. EPS growth for last years	0		100
Profit Ratios
Gross profit margin Gross profit is the difference between sales and the cost of sales.Cost of sales is the cost of raw material and labor used to make the goods or services.It does not include cost like selling and administrative cost, depreciation , interest etc. GP = Sales - Cost of goods Gross profit of colgate in 2011 was GP = sales - raw materials - power & Fuel - Employee Cost - Other Manufacuting expenses = 2351 - 911 -14-193- 124 = 1109 cr Great companies show consistently increasing Gross Profit years after years. Gross Profit(GP) Margin = GP/Sales For colgate india FY11 = GP/Sales = 1109/2381 = 45% GP Margin varies from industry to infustry.Companies in Service industry may have high GP Margin like infosys has GP margin of 45 , TCS has around 40. Automobiles companies like Maruti has GP margin of 16-17%. For Titan it is 20% , as cost of raw material (gold) is very high in this case. Companies with GP Margin of 40% or better tend to be companies with some sort of durable competitve advantage. GP margin below 20% is a indicator of very competitive industry, where no one company can create a sustainable competitive advantage over others. Great companies generally show consistent GP margin years over years.You should avoid companies which shows lot of variations on GP margins unless you understand the company business very well and if you have got an edge in the industry. Gross profit margin	0		100
Operating profit margin Operating profit or operating income is a measure of a firm's profit that excludes interest and income tax expenses.It represent the money which firm makes from operations. Operating Profit (OP) = Revenue â€“ Operating expenses. Operating expenses = SGA + Depreciation + R&D Cost. For e.g Suppose Company A has sale of 100 Cr, Cost of Goods - 60Cr , SGA - 10Cr, Depreciation - 5Cr , R&D expense - 5Cr Then OP Profit = Sale - Cost of Goods - SGA - Depreciation - R&D expense = (100 - 60 - 10 - 5 - 5 )/100 = 20Cr *OP Margin = OP / sales 100 = (20/100)100 = 20%* In a given industry , Company With greater OP Margin is supposed to be better as the company is generating greater amount of income from Operations. For e.g in IT industry Infosys has OP margin of 32-37% , TCS 27-34% , HCL 20% , Mindtree 13%. In 2 wheeler industry , Hero MotroCorp has OP Margin 11-16 in lasy 3 years whereas Bajaj Auto shows 19-24 in last 3 years. Great companies show steady Operating Profit Margins years after years and their OP Margin are generally best in the industry Operating profit margin	0		100
Net profit margin Net Profit or Net Income is a measure of the profitability of a venture after accounting for all costs. Net Profit = Sales - Cost of Goods - SGA - Depreciation - Interest - Tax. *NP Margin = Net Profit/Sales 100 For e.g is a Company is doing sales of 100Cr and Net profit is 22Cr then it NP Margin is 22%. Infosys NP Margin is 27% , Colgate 15%, Maruti Suzuki 5-7% , Eclerx Services 34% in Fy11. If a Company is Showing NP Margin greater than 15% consistently for last 5 years then it is very much likely that this company has some competitive advantage. If NP Margin is less than 10% then company is either in very competitive industry or it is in industry which requires lot of cost on raw material , property, plant and machinary or it may be spending lot of money on R&D. For e.g Titan has NP Margin of 6%.It is because that main source of Income for Titan is its jewellery business in which the cost of raw material , which is gold or diamond, is very high.So Despite being a Great Company , it has NP Margin of 6%. NP Margin can very from industry to industry, for e.g Pharma and IT companies has high NP Margin but Automobiles and Heavy Machine industry has low NP Margin. The key is to look for the company with one of the best NP margin in the industry and moreover consistency in NP Margins for 5-10 years.** Net profit margin	0		100
SGA% SGA means Selling , General and Admin Expenses Under which company reports its cost for direct and indirect selling expenses and all general and administrative expenses.These includes management salaries , advertising travel costs . legal fees, commissions, all payroll cost. SGA% = SGA cost /Gross Profit Infosys SGA% cost is 16%, Titan 37%, Colgate 42%.Maruti Suzuki 14-23%. Great companies do not show much variance in SGA cost , you can refer last 5 year data for these companies. Ideally SGA cost should be less than 30% of Gross profit. SGA%	0		100
Interest% Interest expense is due the the interest that company has to pay on the debt present on balance sheet.Company may need debt for working capital or may need additional money for increasing capacity.For this debt , company has to pay interest.This interest expense is deducted from Profit of the company. Interest expense can depend on industry type.Automobilies companies like Tata Motors , Maruti need large plants and machinery and hence debt needs to be taken. Good companies generally have Interest expense less than 15% of Operating Profit.This is not applicable for Banks and Financial institutions as their business in taking debt at low cost and giving loan at higher interest rate. Interest % = Interest Cost / Operating Profit Colgate has interest expense 0-2%, Tata Motors 37% for Fy11 , Titan used to pay 20% of its operating income in debt but now this cost has reduced to 8%. In any given industry the company with the lowest ratio of interest payment to operating income is usually the company with competitive advantage. Interest%	0		100
Depreciation% All machinery and builings eventually wear out over time.This wearing out is recognized on the income statement as depreciation. For e.g a manufacutring company buys building, plant and machinery for 100Cr, assume that life expectancy is 10 years for property , plant and machines. Now (100/10) 10 Cr will be deducted as deprecation amount from income statement.After 10 years company has to buy new building plant and machinery with additional cost.Deprecaition cost vary from industry and tends to be high for manufacturing industry and low for service industry. Depreciation % = Depreciation/Gross profit. Cipla has Dep% of 8 , Titan 2-4%, Infosys 5-8%, Maruti Suzuki 14-20%. Great companies generally have less depreciation and is less than 7-8%. Depreciation%	0		100
Balance Sheet Ratios
Current Ratio Current ratio tells about the liquidity of the company and also tells if it can meet the short term debt obligations. Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities The higher the ratio , the more liquid the company. A current ratio of over one is considered good and anything below one bad. If it is below one , it is believed that the company may have a hard time meeting its short term obligations to it creditors. Infosys current ratio is above 4, Colgate 1.09 , Cipla 2.26, Titan 1.32 Please note that lot of good companies often have their current ratio less than one. Bajaj Auto has current ratio is .88 , Hero Motorcorp .24 .Some may think that these companies might have difficulties paying current liablities.What is really happening that their earning power is so strong that they can easily cover their current liabilities. There are many companies which have current ratio less than one but still they may be great companies which have tremendous earning power and they are using their earnings for long investments , good acquisitions instead of using their earnings in meeting working capital needs.So current ratio alone cannot tell much about the company we need to look at consistent earning power of the company also. Current Ratio	0		100
Return on Assets It indicates how profitable a company is relative to its total assets. ROA gives an idea as to how efficient management is at using its assets to generate earnings. Calculated by dividing a company's annual earnings by its total assets ROA = Net Profit / Total Assets ROA is an indicator of how profitable a company is before leverage, and is compared with companies in the same industry. Titan has ROA of 41% , Infosys 28%, Gitanjali Gems 6%. Return on Assets	0		100
Debt/equity Debt to Equity ratio can tell us the relative proportion of shareholders' equity and debt that company is using to finance its assets. D/E = Debt/Shareholders Equity. Debt used above is generally the long term debt and does not include current liablities and provisions. Great companies generally use their earnings to finance its operations and therefore should have less debt in comparison to equity. For non finance institutions D/E should be preferably less than .8. Banks and finance institutions borrow large sum of money and then loan it back out, making money on the spread between what they paid for the money and what they can loan it our for.D/E equity ratio is of less relevance for financial institutions. Infosys has D/E of 0 means no debt, Titan 0 , Maruti Suzuki 0.02 , Kingfisher Airlines(KFA) -2.39 , minus as it has negative shareholder equity. KFA is making losses from last 8 years and all these losses are subtracted from shareholders equity. Vadilal Industries 3.29. We should note one more point here that some comapnies can show less D/E due to buybacks. There may be a very good company which is having very low debt but still D/E can be high.This can happen when company has tremendous earnings and company is using its earnings to buy back shares.This buyback decreases its retained earning/equity base leading to superficial high D/E. So we shoud check if company has bought back large amount of shares in past if D/E appears unusual. Debt/equity	0		100
Return on Equity Return on equity (ROE) refer to net profit generated on each unit of shareholder equity. ROE = Net Profit / Shareholders equity It measures management effecieny in allocating resouces to generate more and more profit. Great companies show higher than average ROE such as 20-25%. Titan has ROE of 41% , TCS 38-44%, Maruti 16%, Cipla 14%, Gitanjali Gems 9%. Some companies use lot of debt to support its operations and this can result in high return on equity. But we should avoid companies which are using lot of debt to increase its earnings. For e.g Suppose a company A has equity of 100 Cr and Net earnings of 20Cr so ROE is 20%. Company B has 100 Cr equity and 200 Cr of Debt and net earning of 25 Cr , now ROE is 25%. Company B shows vurtually high ROE as it is using lot of much higher debt compared to equity. Return on Equity	0		100

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